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Yellow Myrobalan
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Yellow Myrobalan
D Native Photo: Pooja Nautiyal
Common name: Yellow Myrobalan, Lemon Myrobalan • Assamese: হিলিখা Hilikha • Kachari: Senemphang, Suluka-baphong, Silika, Hartaki • Garo: Aritok, Bolomit • Manipuri: ꯃꯅꯥꯍꯩ Manahei
Botanical name: Terminalia citrina    Family: Combretaceae (Rangoon creeper family)
Synonyms: Terminalia multiflora, Myrobalanus citrina, Terminalia manii

Yellow Myrobalan is a medium sized to large deciduous tree, often with buttressed stem attaining 80 ft. in height. Bark is grey or brown, slightly vertically fissured outside, light yellow, turning brown and fibrous inside, about 8 mm thick. Young shoots are shining, rusty or brown velvet-hairy, soon hairless. Leaves are nearly opposite, 7-19 x 3-10 cm, lanceshaped or oblong-lanceshaped to elliptic, pointed or shortly tapering; velvet-hairy when young, hairless and shining when mature; lateral nerves 8-12 on either half, curving upwards; base wedge-shaped or rounded; leaf-stalk 1.0-2.5 cm long, biglandular, glands prominent, round. Flowers are borne in spikes deciduously rusty finely velvet-hairy, panicled at the ends of shoots with lower branches in leaf-axils or sometimes solitary and in leaf-axils. Flowers are about 5 mm across, stalkless, all hermaphrodite, each with a small linear silkv velvet-hairy deciduous bract, those towards the bottom of the spikes spoon-shaped and larger downwards. Sepal-cup is hairless outside, rusty hairy within; limb broad, cup-shaped; teeth 5, erect. Fruit is 5-7.5 cm by 1.8-2.5 cm, oblong-lanceshaped, slightly club-shaped, smooth, hairless, obscurely 5-ridged. Yellow Myrobalan is found in Nepal, East Himalaya, Andaman & Nicobar, Bangladesh, SE Asia.
Medicinal uses: Its bark is diuretic and cardio tonic and fruits are used similar to Terminalia chebula and used in various drug preparations, which are sometimes adulterated with other plant materials.

Identification credit: Pooja Nautiyal Photographed at Forest Research Institute, Dehradun.

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